Understanding what you can eat on a diverticulitis diet is crucial for managing and preventing this condition. While antibiotics and medication are common treatments, your dietary choices play a significant role in digestive health. This guide explores the best foods to incorporate and those to avoid when dealing with diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches in the colon, known as diverticula, become inflamed or infected. This condition is more prevalent in Western nations, often linked to lifestyle factors including diet. It’s estimated that a large percentage of older adults have diverticulosis, with risk factors including age, constipation, obesity, inactivity, and crucially, a lack of fiber.
The connection between fiber and diverticulitis is well-established. Fiber, a vital component of plant-based foods, softens stool and facilitates its smooth passage through the colon. A deficiency in fiber can lead to constipation, making stools harder and increasing strain on the colon muscles. This strain can contribute to the formation of diverticula and may also inflame existing ones, triggering diverticulitis.
What is a low-fiber diet for diverticulitis?
A low-fiber diet for diverticulitis involves consuming less than 15 grams of fiber per day. This dietary approach is recommended during acute flare-ups to give the digestive tract a chance to heal. Foods to include on a low-fiber diet are typically refined grains, lean proteins, and certain cooked vegetables and fruits without skins.
Fortunately, incorporating fiber-rich foods into your diet can significantly aid in preventing diverticulitis. These foods not only promote good digestive health by feeding beneficial bacteria and keeping the digestive tract clean but also help create bulkier stools, easing passage. Here are some top high-fiber foods to consider:
Bran cereal, kidney beans, lentils, and black beans are excellent sources of fiber, offering substantial amounts per serving. Pears, soybeans, and sweet potatoes, when eaten with the skin, also provide significant fiber. Even smaller portions of raspberries, blackberries, and almonds contribute to your daily fiber intake.
Historically, nuts, seeds, and popcorn were advised against due to concerns about blocking diverticula. However, current research indicates no link between consuming these foods and an increased risk of diverticulitis, so these recommendations have been updated.
While obtaining fiber from food is ideal, fiber supplements like psyllium or methylcellulose-based options can be beneficial if dietary restrictions limit intake. These supplements come in various forms, including powders and capsules, and can help meet your daily fiber needs.
Is too much fiber bad for diverticulitis? While fiber is essential, consuming excessively high amounts, over 50 grams per day, might paradoxically lead to constipation in some individuals, potentially increasing the risk of diverticular disease. It’s important to balance fiber intake with adequate water consumption.
The recommended daily fiber intake is between 30 to 38 grams for adult males and 21 to 25 grams for adult females. Fiber exists in two forms: soluble, which dissolves in water to soften stool, and insoluble, which adds bulk to waste. Most plant-based foods contain a mix of both.
Beyond fiber, a nutrient-rich diet with varied protein sources is recommended. This includes increasing fish intake, enjoying plant-based proteins, and choosing lean meats. If dietary adjustments are challenging, consulting a registered dietitian can be highly beneficial.
During an acute diverticulitis attack, characterized by symptoms like abdominal pain and nausea, it’s advised to temporarily avoid high-fiber foods. This is because these foods can irritate an inflamed digestive system. Once the inflammation subsides, fiber can be gradually reintroduced.
In cases of severe symptoms or infection, a doctor might recommend bowel rest followed by a clear liquid diet, progressing to water, broth, and apple juice. For milder symptoms, a low-fiber diet (under 15 grams daily) is often prescribed until pain and diarrhea cease.
Foods that are low in fiber and suitable during a flare-up include white bread, lean meats, fish, poultry, some canned vegetables like green beans, and dairy products like cottage cheese and yogurt. Smooth nut butters and white rice are also good options.
Beyond diet, other preventative measures include exercising regularly, quitting smoking, avoiding NSAIDs, drinking plenty of fluids, and maintaining a healthy weight. Responding promptly to bowel urges and moderating red meat intake also contribute to good digestive health.
Ultimately, diet is fundamental to both preventing and managing diverticulitis. A high-fiber diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is key for prevention. During acute phases, a temporary low-fiber approach allows the digestive tract to heal, before gradually returning to a fiber-rich eating plan.
